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California

Political repression plays out state by state — shaped by local institutions, prosecutors, and movements for defense. These are the documented political prisoners and cases the census holds for California.

1,526Documented
39In custody
898Released
17Awaiting trial

Eras of repression in California

Where California’s entries fall across the census’s historical eras.

1930s 354 1970s 205 1960s 198 1910s 174 2020s 131 1980s 90

Documented cases

1,526 entries in the census — every one stays in the record, whether the case is open or closed.

S
Steve Markavich
Steve Markavich is individually listed in the January 1931 Labor Defender political-prisoner directory under A...
A
Augustin Marti
Central American revolutionary Augustin Marti was arrested by U.S. immigration officers after landing at San P...
J
James Martin
Released
James Martin was an IWW member. James Martin received a five-year prison sentence, which he served in San Quen...
C
Christian Martinez
Released
Christian Martinez was one of the eleven defendants in the San Diego County District Attorney's prosecution of...
G
Gines Martinez
Released
Gines Martinez was one of five Spanish sailors who deserted Franco's navy and sought asylum in the United Stat...
F
Fred Masson
Released
Fred Masson was listed in the National Civil Liberties Bureau's March 1919 compilation "War-Time Prosecutions...
J
Jun Matayoshi
Jun Matayoshi was an Okinawan gardener and labor activist. Yushi Yamazaki's 2020 study, printed p. 102 and not...
H
Henry Matlin
Released
Henry Matlin was imprisoned at San Quentin State Prison in the mid-1920s, during the era of California's crimi...
C
Clarence G. Maurer
Released
Clarence G. Maurer was a Quaker conscientious objector from California imprisoned during World War I. Court-ma...
M
Mayeur (Los Angeles milk-strike picket, 1934)
Mayeur was identified by surname only among twenty-two people arrested for picketing the Adohr Dairy during th...
M
Mack McCaffery
The San Pedro dispatch dated July 5, 1934 identifies Mack McCaffery as a picket jailed on a charge of assault...
D
Dwayne McCain
Dwayne McCain, called Stickey and identified as fourteen years old, was taken into police custody in Richmond,...
F
Francis E. McClennigan
Released
Francis E. McClennigan was from Los Angeles. Francis E. McClennigan served a prison sentence at San Quentin un...
J
John McCluskey
SUP member, book 3653, resident of San Pedro, is explicitly reported in jail on a charge of beating five strik...
P
Pete McCrites
Pete McCrites is individually listed in the January 1931 Labor Defender political-prisoner directory under Ang...
T
Trevon L. McDaniel
Released
Trevon L. McDaniel was arrested on July 1, 2026 after prosecutors alleged that he threatened to use fireworks...
T
Thomas McDermott
Released
Thomas McDermott was jailed in California in 1919 while awaiting trial under the state Criminal Syndicalism Ac...
H
Harry McKee
Harry McKee was a socialist lawyer prosecuted during the San Diego free speech fight of 1912. He helped arrang...
G
Gene McKinney
Gene McKinney was a defense witness in Huey P. Newton’s criminal trial. Newton’s appeal, excerpted in The Blac...
J
James McLean
James McLean was a Los Angeles laborer described as a militant worker in the Daily Worker of December 8, 1934,...
E
E. D. McNassor
Released
E. D. McNassor was an IWW member from Portola. E. D. McNassor received a four-year prison sentence, which he s...
J
John McRae
Released
John McRae was an IWW member from Eureka. John McRae received a three-year prison sentence for having an IWW m...
F
Francisco Medina
The June 24 Pixley report in the July 9 Western Worker identifies FranciscoMedina as a leader in the 1933 cott...
E
Enrique Medina Fernandez
Released
Enrique Medina Fernandez was one of five Spanish sailors who deserted a Franco naval vessel and crossed into t...

Institutions in California

Prisons, jails, and detention centers in California that appear in the census’s case files.

San Quentin State PrisonSan Quentin, California
171 cases
Federal Bureau of Prisons
60 cases
Sharp Park Detention CampSharp Park, California
33 cases
Presidio StockadeSan Francisco, California
27 cases
Los Angeles County JailLos Angeles, California
26 cases
Folsom State PrisonFolsom, California
22 cases
San Quentin Rehabilitation CenterSan Quentin, California
16 cases
San Diego County JailSan Diego, California
13 cases