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California

Political repression plays out state by state — shaped by local institutions, prosecutors, and movements for defense. These are the documented political prisoners and cases the census holds for California.

1,526Documented
39In custody
898Released
17Awaiting trial

Eras of repression in California

Where California’s entries fall across the census’s historical eras.

1930s 354 1970s 205 1960s 198 1910s 174 2020s 131 1980s 90

Documented cases

1,526 entries in the census — every one stays in the record, whether the case is open or closed.

Judith Bissell
Released
White anti-imperialist activist arrested in November 1977 in Los Angeles as one of the PFOC/LA 5 on conspiracy...
Elaine Black
Released
Elaine Black, later Elaine Black Yoneda, was an International Labor Defense organizer in San Francisco. During...
Toby Blomé
Released
Toby Blomé is a retired physical therapist, former teacher, and organizer with San Francisco CODEPINK. She beg...
Franz Bopp
Released
Franz Bopp was the German Consul-General in San Francisco from 1914 until his arrest on April 8, 1917. He was...
Michael Bortin
Released
Michael Bortin was a Berkeley student in 1974 and a peripheral SLA recruit. He was named in the 2002 Californi...
Ray Boudreaux
Released
Boudreaux, another former Black Panther swept into the reopened 1971 investigation, became publicly associated...
Veronza Bowers
Released
Veronza Leon Bowers Jr. was a member of the Kansas City chapter of the Black Panther Party. He was arrested in...
David Boyd
Released
David Boyd, an Iron Workers union member at the NASSCO shipyard, was one of the "NASSCO 3," three San Diego sh...
Lenni Brenner
Released
Lenni Brenner, known as Lenny Glaser during the Berkeley Free Speech Movement, was a civil-rights and antiwar...
Harry Brewer
Released
Harry Brewer was a railroad man from Sacramento, California. Harry Brewer was convicted at the mass IWW trial...
Ronald Bridgeforth
Released
Ronald Bridgeforth was a Black Panther Party member in San Francisco who spent more than forty years undergrou...
Harry Bridges
Released
Harry Bridges was an Australian-born president of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) for 4...
Samuel Bridges
Released
Samuel “Sam” Bridges was a former Stanford Hospital worker whose firing helped provoke the April 1971 hospital...
Lehman Brightman
Released
Leader of United Native Americans, Inc., charged with 'harboring' AIM leader Dennis Banks (the charges were la...
Cleveland Brooks
Released
Cleveland Brooks was a San Francisco Panther prosecuted on explosives and firearms allegations in 1969. The Pa...
Archie Brown
Released
Archie Brown was a San Francisco longshoreman, Communist organizer and executive-board member of International...
Ashleigh Brown
Ashleigh Brown is a political activist and community organizer prosecuted in two separate federal cases arisin...
Richard Brown
Released
California Brown, a former Black Panther based in the Bay Area, became one of the most visible local defendan...
Carl Browne
Released
Carl Browne was a California labor agitator, illustrator, and chief lieutenant of Coxey's Army — known within...
Jackson Browne
Released
Singer-songwriter and co-founder of Musicians United for Safe Energy (MUSE) and the No Nukes concerts. Among t...
Charles Brunson
Released
Charles Brunson had been a member of the Black Panther Party for about three years — working in Sacramento, Wa...
Robert Bryan
Robert Bryan coordinated the Panthers’ free breakfast program and was detained after the raid on Central Avenu...
Anthony Bryant
Released
Anthony Garnet Bryant was a Black Panther Party member from California who hijacked National Airlines Flight 9...
Hugh Bryson
Released
President of the National Union of Marine Cooks and Stewards, a left-led maritime union expelled from the CIO...

Institutions in California

Prisons, jails, and detention centers in California that appear in the census’s case files.

San Quentin State PrisonSan Quentin, California
171 cases
Federal Bureau of Prisons
60 cases
Sharp Park Detention CampSharp Park, California
33 cases
Presidio StockadeSan Francisco, California
27 cases
Los Angeles County JailLos Angeles, California
26 cases
Folsom State PrisonFolsom, California
22 cases
San Quentin Rehabilitation CenterSan Quentin, California
16 cases
San Diego County JailSan Diego, California
13 cases