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Virginia

Political repression plays out state by state — shaped by local institutions, prosecutors, and movements for defense. These are the documented political prisoners and cases the census holds for Virginia.

211Documented
11In custody
161Released
4Awaiting trial

Eras of repression in Virginia

Where Virginia’s entries fall across the census’s historical eras.

1800s 41 2020s 35 1970s 27 1930s 20 2010s 18 2000s 18

Documented cases

211 entries in the census — every one stays in the record, whether the case is open or closed.

F
Fred Allen
Released
Fred Allen was the Communist Party section organizer in Norfolk. The November 10, 1932 Daily Worker reports th...
J
John A. Atwood
Released
John A. Atwood was from Loudoun County, Virginia. John A. Atwood was held about eight months, never brought to...
R
Roby Lee Barnes
Released
Roby Lee Barnes was a Quaker conscientious objector from Virginia imprisoned during World War I. Court-martial...
J
Jonathon Batchelor
Jonathon Batchelor was jailed after a 2001 animal-rights protest in Virginia.
W
William Baylis
Released
William Baylis was the captain of the schooner Keziah and an Underground Railroad operative known to leaders s...
A
Alfred Campbell Belt
Released
Alfred Campbell Belt was from Loudoun County, Virginia. Alfred Campbell Belt was a Loudoun County civilian det...
C
Carrie Bennet
Carrie Bennet was an International Labor Defense member arrested in Norfolk with two seamen identified only as...
J
Joe Benson
Released
Joe Benson organized unemployed workers in Norfolk, Virginia. He was held in solitary confinement during the 1...
E
E. L. Bentley
Released
E. L. Bentley was from Leesburg, Virginia. E. L. Bentley was a Leesburg citizen held as a hostage for civilian...
F
Franklin S. Berry
Released
Franklin S. Berry was a conscientious objector from Virginia imprisoned during World War I. Court-martialed fo...
W
W. G. Binkley
Released
W. G. Binkley was a Communist organizer in Danville, Virginia. The Daily Worker of December 30, 1931, page 1,...
R
Raven Blackheart
Raven Blackheart is a transgender woman imprisoned at Red Onion State Prison in Virginia who pursued civil-rig...
A
Adam Blackwell
Released
Adam Virden Blackwell, age 20, was convicted of criminal conspiracy and aiding and abetting in connection with...
A
Allen Blitz
Released
Allen Blitz — a marcher who returned fire as the Klansmen and Nazis opened fire — was one of the Communist Wor...
D
Dorothy Blitz
Released
Dorothy Blitz, of Martinsville, Virginia, was one of the Communist Workers Party anti-Klan demonstrators charg...
C
Carl E. Bowman
Released
Carl E. Bowman was a conscientious objector from Virginia imprisoned during World War I. Court-martialed for r...
S
Slaughter Bradford
Released
Slaughter Bradford was from Culpeper County, Virginia. Slaughter Bradford was a Culpeper County civilian held...
W
Walter Raleigh Butt
Released
Walter Raleigh Butt was a United States naval officer detained in 1861 after returning aboard USS Constellatio...
C
Charles D. Caines
Released
Charles D. Caines joined a March 11, 2024 Palestine-solidarity action that blocked Interstate 95 near Richmond...
J
James Thompson Callender
Released
James Thompson Callender was a Scottish-born journalist and pamphleteer who emigrated to Philadelphia in 1793...
P
Paxus Calta
Paxus Calta joined an anti-nuclear sit-in at North Anna, Virginia, on August 7, 2008. The Nuclear Resister rep...
K
Kenrick Keith Cameron Jr.
Released
Kenrick Keith Cameron Jr. joined a March 11, 2024 Palestine-solidarity action that blocked Interstate 95 near...
J
James Carrington
Released
James Carrington was a young Black man convicted in 1970 in Appomattox, Virginia of raping a white friend and...
R
Ray Cavalier
Released
Ray Cavalier was listed among imprisoned draft and conscientious resisters in contemporary CCCO reports from 1...

Institutions in Virginia

Prisons, jails, and detention centers in Virginia that appear in the census’s case files.

Castle ThunderRichmond, Virginia
22 cases
Castle GodwinRichmond, Virginia
21 cases
Occoquan Workhouse
15 cases
Virginia State PenitentiaryRichmond, Virginia
12 cases
Occoquan Workhouse / DC JailLorton, Virginia
11 cases
Charles Town Jail (Jefferson County)Charles Town, Virginia
7 cases
FCI PetersburgHopewell, Virginia
6 cases
Federal Reformatory, PetersburgPetersburg, Virginia
3 cases