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Michigan
Political repression plays out state by state — shaped by local institutions, prosecutors, and movements for defense. These are the documented political prisoners and cases the census holds for Michigan.
149Documented
0In custody
142Released
Eras of repression in Michigan
Where Michigan’s entries fall across the census’s historical eras.
1910s 33
1950s 23
1970s 18
1930s 16
2020s 14
2010s 12
Documented cases
149 entries in the census — every one stays in the record, whether the case is open or closed.
Saul Wellman
Released
Saul Wellman was a Spanish Civil War veteran of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, a wounded U.S. Army veteran of th...
Helen Winter
Released
Helen Winter was a Communist and the wife of convicted Smith Act leader Carl Winter, prosecuted under the Smit...
Jonathan Zou
Released
Jonathan Zou is one of four pro-Palestine activists arrested by the FBI in June 2026 in connection with a prot...
A
Addis Ababa
Released
Born Dennis Shillingford in Detroit. RNA citizen present at the Lewis Street raid. Convicted; served prison ti...
W
William Allan
Released
William Allan was a Detroit Communist and labor writer for the Michigan Worker, convicted of conspiracy under...
B
Billy Allen
Released
Billy Allen was one of six Detroit Smith Act defendants whose convictions were set aside after the Yates decis...
T
Todor Antonoff
Released
Todor Antonoff was an Auto Workers Union organizer in the Detroit–Pontiac district held eleven months under $2...
R
Rutha Blackburn
Released
Fugitive enslaved person arrested in Detroit on June 14, 1833 under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 after being...
T
Thornton Blackburn
Released
Fugitive enslaved person arrested in Detroit on June 14, 1833 under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 after being...
D
Darwin Lance Brown
Detroit man convicted of first-degree murder in 1966 at age 19 and sentenced to life; The Black Panther Vol. 1...
H
Hayward Brown
Detroit Black youth who, with two friends, fought Detroit's notorious STRESS police unit; captured after a mas...
S
Stella Brown
Released
Stella (Stefana) Brown was a Detroit grandmother, brought from Poland at age two and naturalized in 1946, sent...
E
E. F. Burman
Released
E. F. Burman was a Communist convicted under Michigan's criminal-syndicalism ("red flag") law and sentenced to...
L
Louis Cale
Released
Louis Cale, also known as Louis Moore, was a Detroit man who, with Henry D. Jackson Jr. and his half-brother M...
C
Caravas (Detroit, 1930)
Released
Only the surname Caravas has been verified. A photograph in the Labor Defender of July 1930 identifies Caravas...
G
George Casper
Released
George Casper was a Farmers' League member charged with criminal syndicalism at White Cloud, Michigan during t...
S
Sondra Clark
Released
Sondra Clark was a Black resident of Battle Creek, Michigan, caught up in the 1984 Calhoun County state grand...
S
Stefan Cojerean
Released
Stefan "Steve" Cojerean was one of five Detroit workers sentenced to 90 days in jail for holding a workers' me...
J
Johnson Cole
Head of the Detroit White Panther Party sentenced to 9.5–10 years for giving two marijuana cigarettes to an un...
C
Conn (Detroit, 1930)
Released
Only the surname Conn has been verified. A photograph in the Labor Defender of July 1930 identifies Conn among...
E
Elton Davis
Released
Elton Davis — SOA Watch line-crosser at Fort Benning, Georgia. Convicted of trespass on a military installatio...
T
Thomas Dennis
Released
Thomas Dennis was a Black Communist Party leader in Detroit prosecuted under the Smith Act during the McCarthy...
W
William Denton
Released
William Denton was a Jehovah's Witnesses conscientious objector from Michigan imprisoned during World War I. C...
F
Francis Donnelly
Released
Francis Donnelly — SOA Watch line-crosser at Fort Benning, Georgia. Convicted of trespass on a military instal...
Institutions in Michigan
Prisons, jails, and detention centers in Michigan that appear in the census’s case files.
Theodore Levin United States CourthouseDetroit, Michigan
4 cases
FCI MilanMilan, Michigan
3 cases
Bay County JailBay City, Michigan
3 cases
Wayne County Jail
3 cases
Marquette State PrisonMarquette, Michigan
2 cases
Detroit RRMMilan, Michigan
1 case
Federal Detention Center, DetroitDetroit, Michigan
1 case
Federal Correctional Institution, MilanMilan, Michigan
1 case