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New York

Political repression plays out state by state — shaped by local institutions, prosecutors, and movements for defense. These are the documented political prisoners and cases the census holds for New York.

2,078Documented
40In custody
1,023Released
12Awaiting trial

Eras of repression in New York

Where New York’s entries fall across the census’s historical eras.

1930s 714 1940s 176 1970s 171 1920s 166 1910s 166 1950s 159

Documented cases

2,078 entries in the census — every one stays in the record, whether the case is open or closed.

Max Shachtman
Released
Max Shachtman was a communist writer and editor of the Labor Defender. Max Shachtman was arrested in the July...
Samantha Shader
Released
Samantha Shader, 27, of Brooklyn, NY was arrested on May 31, 2020 after attempting to use Molotov cocktails to...
Albert Shadowitz
Released
Albert Shadowitz was an engineer who refused to answer Senator McCarthy's questions on the advice of Albert Ei...
Justin Shafer
Released
Justin Shafer is an independent security researcher who was subpoenaed by the Justice Department for the ident...
Tarik Shah
Released
Tarik Shah, a martial arts instructor from the Bronx, was arrested in the mid-2000s as part of a terrorism inv...
Afeni Shakur
Released
Afeni Shakur, born Alice Faye Williams in Lumberton, North Carolina in 1947, was a leader of the New York chap...
Lumumba Shakur
Released
Lumumba Abdul Shakur, born Anthony Coston, was the section leader of the Harlem chapter of the Black Panther P...
Albert Shanker
Released
Albert Shanker was a New York City teacher and union organizer who led the United Federation of Teachers and l...
Fred Shearer
Released
Fred Shearer was one of the Buffalo, New York workers jailed in 1930 for demanding "work or wages" in the unem...
Teresa Yue Shen
Released
Activist from New York arrested January 18, 2023 during law enforcement raids on the Weelaunee forest in Atlan...
Henry Shepard
Released
Henry Shepard was a Black Communist candidate for lieutenant-governor of New York jailed five days in 1932 for...
William Shifrin
Released
William Shifrin was a member of the New York butchers' union. William Shifrin was indicted for manslaughter af...
Morris Sigman
Released
Morris Sigman was an International Ladies Garment Workers Union union secretary-treasurer detained in the pros...
Max D. Singer
Released
Max D. Singer was an International Ladies Garment Workers Union cloakmakers’ union member detained in the pros...
Agnes Smedley
Released
Agnes Smedley was an American journalist, feminist, and anticolonial activist best known for her later reporti...
Ferdinand Smith
Released
Ferdinand Christopher Smith was a Jamaican-born co-founder and national secretary of the National Maritime Uni...
Frank Big Black Smith
Released
Frank Big Black Smith was a 300-pound African-American prisoner at Attica Correctional Facility in upstate New...
Nancy Smith
Released
SOA Watch activist who crossed the line onto Fort Benning, Georgia in November 2010 in protest of the U.S. Arm...
Morton Sobell
Released
Morton Sobell was a CCNY engineering classmate of Julius Rosenberg's who worked on military radar and ordnance...
John Soderberg
Released
John G. Soderberg was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on June 12, 1895. He was secretary-treasurer of the Independe...
Karl Soehnlein
Released
Karl Soehnlein was an ACT UP/New York activist arrested during a sit-in outside the chamber of the New York St...
Martin Sostre
Released
Martin Sostre was the owner of a Buffalo, NY bookstore which was the city's center of Black radicalism. Martin...
Carlos Soule Echeverria
Released
Carlos Soule Echeverria was a Spanish Loyalist volunteer arrested for deportation to Franco's Spain and held a...
Benjamin Spock
Released
Dr. Benjamin Spock, the famous pediatrician and author of "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care," was...

Institutions in New York

Prisons, jails, and detention centers in New York that appear in the census’s case files.

Ellis Island Immigration StationNew York, New York
215 cases
Fort LafayetteNew York, New York
202 cases
Manhattan House of Detention (the Tombs)New York, New York
21 cases
Attica Correctional FacilityAttica, New York
20 cases
Sing Sing Correctional FacilityOssining, New York
15 cases
Ellis IslandNew York, New York
15 cases
Metropolitan Correctional CenterNew York, New York
10 cases
MDC BrooklynBrooklyn, New York
9 cases