Biography
Douglas names this defendant among eleven men whose civilian jail sentences were reduced to time already served on January 28, 1918, followed by transfer to Fort Snelling. This establishes actual civilian confinement. The exact initial arrest and discharge days are not supplied. Frank Carlson later received a ten-year military sentence; Cohen and Sollwold were rejected as unfit for the Army. No later release date is inferred. William R. Douglas, The Germans Would Court-Martial Me, Too: St. Paul’s World War I Socialist Draft Resisters, Minnesota History 55(7), Fall1997 pp286–301, original PDF page 12. Source: https://storage.googleapis.com/mnhs-org-support/mn_history_articles/55/v55i07p286-301.pdf#page=12
