Biography
A. A. Toivonen was the business manager of Industrialisti, the Finnish-language newspaper supporting the Industrial Workers of the World in Duluth, Minnesota. A June 1920 One Big Union Monthly account reported that he was arrested in Minneapolis and brought to Duluth in the criminal-syndicalism prosecution involving the newspaper and its staff. He was found guilty in the district court and was out on $2,000 bail when that account appeared. On December 2, 1921, the Minnesota Supreme Court reversed his conviction in State v. Workers' Socialist Publishing Co., 150 Minn. 406, while affirming the convictions of the publishing company and editor Topias Kekkonen.
1920s custody audit: The June 1920 One Big Union Monthly, page 39, names Toivonen among the January arrestees and reports those convicted in March already at liberty on bail. Bail release is recorded only to 1920 year precision; January 1 is a storage placeholder, not the release day. Exact release and any separate prison admission remain unknown.
The Duluth report says Toivonen was arrested in Minneapolis and brought to Duluth, distinguishing his arrest location from the January 20 Duluth group. The first trial ran March 23–26, resulted in conviction, and sentence was unpronounced while he was free on $2,000 bail. No exact Minneapolis arrest day is inferred from the group date.
The One Big Union Monthly, June 1920, vol. 2 no. 6, PDF page 39.
