Leonard Roy Frank

Leonard Roy Frank was a writer and civil liberties activist who was involuntarily committed to the California state mental hospital system because of his participation in the 1960s counterculture. In his hospital records, doctors cited his Beatnik lifestyle, his long beard, and his vegetarianism as evidence of abnormal behavior, which they used to justify institutionalizing him. During the seven months he was confined, he was subjected to medical experiments that included 50 insulin-induced comas and 35 electroshock treatments.