Biography
Julius Eichel was a Jewish socialist absolutist imprisoned during World War I after refusing military service. His custody included the Tombs in 1917, Camp Upton, Fort Jay, Fort Leavenworth and Fort Douglas, with release in 1920. His brother Isaac participated in the December 1918 delegation to Secretary of War Baker on behalf of imprisoned objectors. Julius later remained active as a pacifist organizer and edited The Absolutist. He was also the brother of imprisoned objector David Eichel.
1920s custody review: Swarthmore places Julius Eichel in the Tombs for three weeks in 1917, before his December 31, 1917 transfer to Camp Upton. The custody start is therefore corrected from 1918 to 1917 at year precision. The account labels its institutional chronology approximate; the existing January 30, 1920 Fort Douglas endpoint is retained, not newly established from an original register. It identifies Isaac Eichel, not Julius, as the brother in the December 1918 delegation to Secretary Baker; the biography is corrected accordingly. Exact arrest remains unresolved and the existing photograph is retained. The inherited eighteen-month total is removed because it does not cover this entire chronology.
