Biography
J. R. Hawley was a Cincinnati merchant detained for selling stationery bearing Confederate-associated devices and slogans. The federal case summary records his arrest on December 25, 1861, by order of the Secretary of State and his confinement at Fort Lafayette. Officials characterized the sale of the envelopes and cards as disloyalty. He was released on January 1, 1862, after taking an allegiance oath and agreeing to discontinue the practices. The summary records no criminal conviction. His initials are printed J. R. in the original; an OCR rendering as J. E. is not treated as a separate person. Source: Official Records, series II, volume II, section 1, printed page 331 (PDF page 347), https://archive.org/details/cu31924079570242/page/n346/mode/2up.
