Biography
Emanuel Swartzendruber was a Mennonite conscientious objector from Michigan imprisoned during World War I. Court-martialed for refusing military service, he was held at Fort Leavenworth. (Documented in the Swarthmore College Peace Collection's World War I Conscientious Objectors database.) Archival note: while at Camp Greenleaf, was lowered headfirst into latrine pit (also several other C.O.s suffered same treatment) for refusal to cooperate with military authorities; imprisoned at Ft. Leavenworth; after release , was sent to Ft. Dodge; courts-martial trial #119490
Case
United States Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth